過去簡單式 & 過去進行式

文法重點 29

動詞時態(3)-過去簡單式 & 過去進行式
過去簡單式
1.表過去發生過的動作、存在或狀態，不強調動作, 只交代
..有做過某個動作
2.通常與表示過去的時間副詞並用:
＊~ ago (~以前)
＊this morning (今天早上 )
＊ the other day (幾天前)
＊last week (night, Sunday) (上星期、昨晚、上週日)
＊yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)
...(昨天早上、下午、晚上……)
＊the day before yesterday (前天……)
＊before (從前)
＊the night before last (前天晚上)
＊in the past (在過去 )
＊just now (剛才)

3.表示過去的習慣或重複發生的動作
...(現在已不做了)
＊used to 原形V → 以前常常...(現在不了)


4.動詞過去式變化:
＊規則變化:
(1)在原形動詞字尾加-ed, 字尾已有-e者,只要加-d
(2)字尾為【子音+y】者→去y+ied 例:worry→worried
(3)字尾為【母音+y】者→ + ed。例:stay→stayed

(4)單音節動詞:字尾為「短母音+單子音」先重複字尾子音

.....加ed..例:shop→shopped / drop→dropped

(5)多音節動詞:重音在最後的音節，且字尾為「一個母音

.....字母+一個子音字母」先重複字尾子音，再加上-ed

.....例: prefer→preferred


＊不規則變化: (請參閱蝦米小居網站)


5.句型:

＊ S + 過去式動詞 +…
＊ S + did not + 原形V +… (否定句)
＊ Did + S + 原形V +…? (一般問句)
＊ 疑問詞 + did + S + 原形V…… ? (特殊問句)

在表達否定句&疑問句時, 若句子中的動詞為一般動詞,
則需要do/does/did等助動詞的幫助,放在助動詞後面時,
一般動詞就要用原形動詞表達

一般動詞: like/ love/ run...

助動詞: will, should, can......

...........has, have, had / do, does, did

BeV : am/is/are/was/were


例句

1. I did math problems yesterday afternoon.
....(我昨天下午做數學題)
2.We didn’t visit the National Palace Museum last
...weekend. (上週末我們沒有去參觀故宮博物館)
3. Did she take a trip to Australia last summer
....vacation? (她去年夏天去澳洲旅行嗎?)
....Yes, she did. She took a trip there last summer
.....vacation. (是的,她是。她去年夏天去那裡旅行)
4.Did you read my letter? (你看了我的信嗎?)
....No, I didn’t. I didn’t read your letter.
....(不,我沒有。我沒有看你的信)
5.Who did you invite to your dinner party?
....(你邀請誰參加你的晚宴?)
....I invited some good friends of mine.
....(我邀請了我的一些好朋友)


★若疑問詞為句中主詞時,則不需要加助動詞did,直接用
...過去式動詞,簡答時，用did回答


例
1. Who told you the news? Gina did.
....(誰告訴你這個消息?是吉娜)
2. Which team won the All-Star game?
....(哪一隊贏了明星賽?)
....XXX did.



過去進行式


用以表示過去某時刻正在進行的動作;或過去某個動作發生
或進行時，另一個動作正在進行中。

句型

＊ S + was/were +Ving...

＊ S + was/were not + Ving..

＊ Was/Were + S + Ving...?

＊ 疑問詞+ was/were + S + Ving...?

→ 疑問詞為who/what當主詞時, 動詞要用單數

過去進行式常與下列表過去某時的時間副詞、副詞片語或
副詞子句一 起出現:
＊ at + 時刻+過去時間 (如:at 8:20 last night)

＊ then (=at that time) 在那時

＊ when + S +過去式動詞.....

...(when 子句中，動詞為短暫的動作。)

＊ while+ S + was/were + Ving...

...(while 子句中，動詞為持續一段時間的動作。)

小小練習

1.When I got home, Dad was reading the newspaper.
我回家時, 爹正在看報紙
(此句應該用 when 因為「到家」是短暫的動作。)
(when 帶出一個確切時間, 所以主要子句用進行式)
2.While I was washing the dishes, Jason was
...studying. 我正在洗碗時, Jason正在讀書
(此句應該用while 因為「洗碗盤」是持續動作)
(while 帶出一個確切時間, 所以主要子句用進行式)


例:

1.I was talking on the phone at 7:00 last night.
...(昨晚7:00 時我正在講電話→ 7:00是個確切的時間)

2.Many people were sleeping when the earthquake
....happened. (地震發生時，很多人正在睡夢中。)

3.When I got home, Mom was cooking dinner.
...(當我到家時，媽媽正在煮晚餐。)

4.A:What were you doing when I rang the door bell?
......(當我按鈴時，你正在做什麼?)
...B:I was taking a shower then.
......(當時我正在淋浴。)
5.While Jane was mopping the floor, Mike was
...packing the books.
...(當珍在拖地時，麥克正在打包書本。)




結論

何時用過去式??

→ 動作做了 / 只交代做過, 所以不會指出確切的時間
→ 例如: yesterday / this morning / last night

何時用過去進行式??

→ 過去某個確切的時間, 正在做的動作, 所以句子
.....會指出確切的時間
→ at seven last night / when I got home

這樣, 有比較瞭解嗎???做做題目吧!!繼續加油喔!!


精選題
未來式&過去式

克漏字 (看看自己的觀念正不正確!!)

Yesterday we _____(have) a farewell party (送別會)
for John because he______(move) to the USA with
his parents next week. Since John is kind, considerate
and polite, everyone at the party_____(feel) sad and
some girls even _____(cry). We _____(give) him
some gifts and _____(ask) for his e-mail address.
We hope he _____(stay) in touch with us after he
goes to the USA. Tomorrow____(be) the last day
when he comes to school. I’ll tell him that I ____
(miss) him forever.

圈選正確的答案
1.He learned his lesson this time, and I believe he
...(is/will/will be) more careful next time.

2.Are you going swimming with us? Of course,I
...(will / am / won’t).

3.Mike just (sprains/sprained/will sprain) his ankle
....It really wasn’t his day.(今天他真衰)

4.A:Will May be “Snow white” in the play?
...B: Yes, she (will/is/is going to ).

5.There will (have/has/be) a talent show tomorrow.

解答
克漏字
had / will move / felt / cried / gave / asked / will stay
will be / will miss

圈選正確的答案
1.will be (learn one's lesson 學到教訓)
2.am
3.sprained (sprain his ankle扭傷他的腳踝)
4.will
5.be (there be 在...有... / have 擁有)現在式 & 過去式 & 過去進行式
I. 克漏字
Earth Day (地球日)____ (be) on April 22. An
American man, Gaylord Nelson, _____ (start) it.
Nelson was very worried when he _____ (find)
many fish _____ (die) because of water pollution.
He _____ (write) a story and ____ (tell) people how
____ (save) the earth. About 20 million Americans
____ (celebrate) the first Earth Day in 1970.
Now more and more people ____ (understand)
the importance of protecting our environment.
Let’s____ (do) our best to make the earth cleaner,
greener, and prettier.

II.填入正確形式
1.John_____a novel at 7:30 last night. (read)
2.He _____math before, but he ____it now.
...(hate:like)
3.Mrs.Lee_____dinner when her husband came
...home.(cook)
4.Mr.White___at 2:30 on Sunday afternoon.(shop)
5.David ____for Guam in a few days.(leave)
6.Mrs.Lin ____ on the phone when her daughter fell
...off the chair.(talk)
7.We____our Christmas tree last Sunday.(decorate)
8.When I woke up this morning, it ____ heavily
....(rain)
9.While we were playing in the water, Jane __ a sand
...castle.(build)
10.What were you doing then? I ___ the faucet水龍頭
......(fix)
11.I ___ to A-Mei’s new album when the light went out.
....(listen)

解答
I. 克漏字
is / started / found / died / wrote / told / to save
celebrated / understand / do

II.填入正確形式
1.was reading
2.hated / likes
3.was cooking
4.was shopping
5.will leave / is leaving
6.was talking
7.decorated
8.was raining
9.was building
10.was fixing
11.was listening